Horton 229

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From the side however, the Horton is very slim, and not very long. While a badly aimed "spray" shot from a P80's many. Even the bullets that do strike the stretched shape at very shallow angles will most likely deflect causing naught but a scratch in the paintjob. The plane is also heavy compared to its thrust, and that means it's acceleration is poor. The only reason it can fly as fast as it can at all is because of its extremely low drag. To reach the top sustainable airspeed, it needs to be put into a dive and then levelled out.

Flying level it just wont gain speed at all. Its high energy retention however makes it a perfect energy fighter. The roll rate is not bad considering its size, but a lot worse than smaller jets. The yaw authority is not great, and since the yaw control is basically achieved using assymetrical airbrakes, it also costs speed to push the rudder. That being said, using "rudder" to aim to the side or evade shots in a headon without exposing your large top and underside works quite well.

Rule 1 : Fly fast! Do not even start to climb before you reached kph IAS. Put it into a shallow climb, outside of where the battle rages, and make sure there's no enemy planes overhead to jump you. Any slow Horton has a big "please shoot me" sign on it, and be assured every enemy pilot will gladly oblige!

Remember, you cannot quickly accelerate, so stay fast! Rule 2 : Fly high! You need the ability to dive to gain speed, and due to the low acceleration you need an altitude advantage when facing opposition. At gnd level the Ho becomes an easy target for other jets flying boom and zoom tactics, you need enough space below you to be able to disengage if things go bad. If you are above the enemy and at least kph fast, it should be safe to engage. Rule 3 : Avoid high G manouvers.

Aside from the Ho 's tendency to clip its wings when pulling hard at high speeds, high G manouvers also cost a lot of energy. The horton has awesome energy retention but at its low thrust-to-weight ration can only build it up very slowly, so you must have mastered energy fight.

If you need to bring her round quickly, climb up until the speed drops below kph, bring the nose round into the opposite direction, then dive back down. I think thats what they originally called an Immelmann ; the combat manouver, not the aerobatics variant.

Don't do this with someone on your six though, see defensive actions in Rule 8. Rule 4 : Avoid engaging multiple enemies at once. Single your opponent out, and do not engage in any fights if there's another enemy around, unless you have a friendly to rely on to keep them busy.

Most of your defensive combat tactics include positioning your plane so it shows a narrow sillhuette to the enemy. That is extremely hard if not impossible if you are facing multiple enemies from different directions. What usually gets you shot down in a Horton is a second enemy from behind while you are engaged with the first. Rule 5 : Do not fly slow near propeller planes.

Do not turn with propeller planes. In fact, do not get caught in any dogfight with prop planes being in the area. Propeller planes accelerate better, climb better and turn equally well at slow speeds. That means, if a prop gets near you while you are slow, they WILL get you and you have no chance to get away.

If there's a tempest or spit around, just fly the opposite direction until he is no longer visible. At least they can't possibly chase you. Even if you zoom by a prop plane and then pull up to convert speed to altitude theres a chance a late war Spit with a Merlin engine can follow your climb and make distance shots while you are slow.

If you do get caught slow by a prop plane, your only chance to avoid being hit is to start turning with him, which makes you extremely vulnerable to other hostiles in the area, so just avoid being caught slow by a prop - ever.

Rule 6 : Attacking jets, also fly boom and zoom. If they manouver hard, don't try to follow at high speeds, you'd just black out or rip your wings. Gently pull up and climb over them. Turn your speed into altitude, bring your plane round and make another pass. Alternatively, if you overshot them, a large barrel roll might also sometimes allow you to get back into firing position. If an enemy just runs, he will likely get away. Most other jets, including P80 and Meteor have higher top speeds.

You can however catch them when they turn round to face you too early. If they start turning with you, always turn vertical and upwards. This pulls the fight higher up and into slower speed regimes, where the Horton manouvers better and the enemy manouvers worse. Turning with a Horton in anything that is not a Horton is suicide. But beware of other enemies see Rule 4.

Rule 7 : If you get jumped on by a much faster enemy Mig15, Sabre, Flying directly head on is not advisable, since the Horton has no front cockpit armor. Best aim at a point to the side of your opponent, so you show the narrowest possible silhouette. If he starts firing, fly a spiral with your knife edge side pointed towards him, either up or downwards.

Most pilots anticipate you pulling up to avoid shots, so going down instead can be saver. Enemy on your tail and gaining demonstrated with a P51 - which you should technically have flown away from, but you cant run from a P80, Meteor, Mig, Pull and roll into a spiral with the enemy roughly in the direction of your wing tip.

Since he's faster and also wants to score a deflection hit, he will have to pull much harder and loose a lot more speed. At this point in the spiral he will be slow and helpless and just below you. Finish the loop around at the top of the spiral will bring him right in your sights.

After you shoot, dive away to regain speed. Additionally, pilots and aiming devices had not yet adapted to the speed of jet aircraft, forcing pilots to slow their airplanes to accurately fire at bombers, leaving them momentarily at the reach of Allied gunmen [ citation needed ].

Two weeks later, on 18 February , disaster struck during the third test flight. Ziller took off without any problems to perform a series of flight tests. After about 45 minutes, at an altitude of around m, one of the Jumo turbojet engines developed a problem, caught fire and stopped. Ziller was seen to put the aircraft into a dive and pull up several times in an attempt to restart the engine and save the precious prototype.

Ziller did not use his radio or eject from the aircraft. He may already have been unconscious as a result of the fumes from the burning engine. The aircraft crashed just outside the boundary of the airfield. Ziller was thrown from the aircraft on impact and died from his injuries two weeks later. The prototype aircraft was completely destroyed. Despite this setback, the project continued with sustained energy. On 12 March , nearly a week after the U.

The prototype workshop was moved to the Gothaer Waggonfabrik Gotha in Friedrichroda , western Thuringia. In the same month, work commenced on the third prototype, the Ho V3. The V3 was larger than previous prototypes, the shape being modified in various areas, and it was meant to be a template for the pre-production series Ho A-0 day fighters , of which 20 machines had been ordered.

Work had also started on the two-seat Ho V4 and Ho V5 night-fighter prototypes, the Ho V6 armament test prototype, and the Ho V7 two-seat trainer. During the final stages of the war, the U. A Horten glider and the Ho V3, which was undergoing final assembly, were transported by sea to the United States as part of Operation Seahorse for evaluation. On the way, the Ho spent a brief time at RAE Farnborough in the UK, [3] during which it was considered whether British jet engines could be fitted, but the mountings were found to be incompatible [7] with the early British turbojets, which used larger-diameter centrifugal compressors as opposed to the slimmer axial-flow turbojets the Germans had developed.

The Americans were just starting to create their own axial-compressor turbojets before the war's end, such as the Westinghouse J30 , with a thrust level only approaching the BMW A's full output. In December , the National Air and Space Museum moved the Ho into the active restoration area of the Garber Restoration Facility, where it was reviewed for full restoration and display.

After the war, Reimar Horten said he intended to mix charcoal dust in with the wood glue to absorb electromagnetic waves radar , which he believed could shield the aircraft from detection by the British early-warning ground-based radar that operated at 20 to 30 MHz 10 to 15m wavelength , top end of the HF band , known as Chain Home. In , a team of engineers from Northrop Grumman undertook electromagnetic tests on the V3's multilayer wooden centre-section nose cones.

They tested over a frequency range of 12 to THz, with wavelengths of the order of 10 microns. The cones are 19 mm 0. The team observed that the "Ho leading edge has the same characteristics as the plywood [of the control sample] except that the frequency [do not exactly match] and have a shorter bandwidth. A jet-powered flying wing design such as the Horten Ho has a smaller radar cross-section RCS than conventional contemporary twin-engine aircraft because the wings blended into the fuselage and there are no large propeller disks or vertical and horizontal tail surfaces to provide a typical identifiable radar signature.

In early , Northrop Grumman paired up television documentary producer Michael Jorgensen and the National Geographic Channel to produce a documentary to determine whether the Ho was the world's first true " stealth " fighter-bomber.

The space-frame for the real aircraft was made from steel tubes up to mm 6. Note: Official RLM designations had the prefix "8-", but this was usually dropped and replaced with the manufacturer's prefix. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. It didn't work". Smithsonian Insider. Retrieved Retrieved 29 July Archived from the original on 12 September Retrieved 11 September Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum.

Smithsonian Institution. Archived from the original on May 1, Retrieved May 26, June 24, Retrieved December 28, Retrieved: 6 November Retrieved: 22 July National Air and Space Museum. Selinger Graz: H. Wieshaupt Verlag. ISBN The Complete Book of Fighters. London: Salamander. Boyne, Walter J. Clash of Wings.

Brown, Eric. London: Orion Books. Green, William. Warplanes of the Third Reich. London: Macdonald and Jane's Publishers Ltd. Myhra, David. London: Bushwood Books, Shepelev, Andrei and Huib Ottens. London: Classic Publications,